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An urgent letter crying out for help from the International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (ICC)


Dear ICC Chair Jennifer Lynch QC:

We are the Republic of Korea Human Rights NGO's Network for NHRCK
As you well know, since his inauguration in February 2008, South Korean President Lee Myung-bak has taken a series of measures to damage not only the independence but also the functions and roles of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea (NHRCK), which is the only governmental and official human rights institution nationwide, including plans to place the NHRCK under his direct control and to reduce the organization and personnel of the already understaffed and underfunded Commission. Consequently, you and the ICC sent official complaint against the South Korean government¡¯s plans to reduce the NHRCK¡¯s organization and personnel. Most lamentably, however, the President Lee went ahead with the reduction of the Commission by no less than 21% in March. As a protesting act against the government pressure on NHRCK, Professor Ahn Kyong-Whan, the chairperson of the NHRCK (as well as the vice chair of the ICC in 2007-08), resigned from his post no fewer than 4 months before the end of his term of office.

We therefore created and conveyed to the President Lee the Guidelines on the Qualifications of the Ideal Chair of the NHRCK Created by the Human Rights NGO¡¯s of South Korea (please see attached official statement), which reflect our views on the qualifications of the ideal NHRCK chair. However, the likely candidates mentioned in the press and the media were limited solely to figures who not only lacked expertise and experience in human rights but also were downright anti-human rights.

Perhaps as a gesture to appease the negative response of civil society, President Lee eventually excluded all of the figures mentioned in the press and the media and, instead, appointed as the new NHRCK chair a previously unmentioned figure—Professor Hyun Byung-Chul, a civil law expert in the College of Law at Hanyang University. As the justification for this quite unexpected decision, the South Korean government cited Professor Hyun¡¯s ¡°sense of balance and ability rationally to manage organizations that he has demonstrated in the course of holding diverse official posts, which are expected to contribute to the elevation of South Korea¡¯s status as an advanced human rights nation by resolving the pending issues of the NHRCK and stabilizing the organ.¡± Beneath such rhetoric, of course, lies the true motive of the Lee administration: because the appointment of the new NHRCK chair is no different from selecting the head of any other government organ under the executive branch, the candidate¡¯s expertise and experience in human rights are of no concern whatsoever, and it is necessary only to appoint a figure who, first and foremost as a manager, can take the reins of a problematic organization and manage it well. Moreover, Chair Hyun utterly lacks any record of activities related to human rights such as academic papers and studies on human rights, much less public expressions of his opinions on human rights issues. He has shown no contact with human rights community.

For the ICC effectively to perform its increasingly important and inclusive roles and functions, the new NHRCK chair must above all be a figure who commands the trust and respect of the human rights community worldwide and can contribute to the promotion of human rights around the globe. Considering Chair Hyun¡¯ background and the process through which he has been appointed, however, it is highly doubtful whether the NHRCK can fulfill such roles and functions.

Faced with this unprecedented and alarming crisis, we would like to convey our views to the ICC. We, the human rights NGOs of South Korea, strongly oppose South Korea¡¯s current role, future candidacy, and future selection as the vice chair of the ICC insofar as the NHRCK is under Chair Hyun and are deeply troubled by the prospects of not only the NHRCK itself but also of overall human rights in South Korea under the Lee administration.

In addition, we would like to make the following urgent request to the ICC. We beseech you, as the chair of the ICC, to issue a statement directed at the South Korean government of your opinion on the introduction of a systematic and transparent review system in terms of the selection process and qualifications of the NHRCK chair and commissioners.

As for a full explication of our views on the appointment of the incumbent Chair Hyun, please see attached our official statement.

We deeply appreciate your attention and earnestly hope for your indispensable support.

Yours truly,
Republic of Korea Human Rights NGO's Network for NHRCK


Official Statement of the Views of the Human Rights NGOs of South Korea on the Appointment of the Current Chair of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea


1) Is Chair Hyun truly qualified as the chair of the NHRCK?
Chair Hyun utterly lacks any experience and expertise whatsoever, including academic research, related to human rights. Indeed, seasoned human rights activists in South Korea had never even heard the name ¡°Hyun Byung-Chul¡± before his actual appointment. In addition, in a press interview, Professor Hyun admitted, ¡°I do not know much about human rights¡± and stated, ¡°I will learn [about them]¡± in the process of serving as the NHRCK chair. The chair of the Commission, however, is not a post where one ¡°learns¡± about human rights but a post where one must view society and government policy based on human rights standards. Furthermore, he even stated that he knew nothing of the arguments surrounding the Lee administration¡¯s forced and unwarranted reduction of the NHRCK¡¯s organization and personnel, a critical issue from late last year to the beginning of this year, which is problematic indeed as the head of the very same organ.

Article 5 (Composition of Commission) Clause 2 of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea Act (NHRCKA) stipulates that ¡°The Chief Commissioner of the Republic of Korea shall appoint to be commissioners . . . persons . . . [who] possess professional knowledge of and experience with human rights matters and have been recognized to be capable of fairly and independently performing duties for the protection and promotion of human rights.¡± However, as the examples above inarguably demonstrate, Professor Hyun was appointed as the NHRCK chair quite inappropriately and unlawfully. His appointment, then, is merely one of the measures that the Lee administration has taken since the early days of its instatement to damage not only the independence but also the functions and roles of the Commission. We therefore strongly demand that Chair Hyun voluntarily resign from his undeserved post.


2) Disregard for international standards in the process of selecting and appointing the NHRCK chair
The selection and appointment of Chair Hyun did not follow the principle of the pluralistic diversity of the human composition of national human rights institutions stipulated by international standards on the foundation of national human rights organs such as the Principles Relating to the Status of National Institutions for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights (Paris Principles) and National Human Rights Institutions—A Handbook on the Establishment and Strengthening of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (United Nations, 1995). Indeed, his selection and appointment failed to meet international standards¡¯ emphasis on the inclusion, in the process of establishing national human rights institutions, of members of all social groups, particularly NGO¡¯s, labor unions, experts, and representatives of philosophical and religious currents. Moreover, the selection and appointment of a figure who utterly lacks expertise, experience, and sensibility with respect to human rights as the NHRCK chair once again shook the very foundation of the Commission. In addition, the fact that, out of the total eleven commissioners of the organ, seven including Chair Hyun are legal experts—former legal professors, judges, public prosecutors, and/or lawyers—has further damaged the principle of pluralistic diversity due to its heavy reliance on a particular expert group.


3) The absence of a fair and transparent system for properly selecting and reviewing the candidates for the NHRCK chair and commissioners
Likewise, the actual process of appointing Chair Hyun failed to secure transparency and democracy. Indeed, the Blue House, the South Korean presidential office, unofficially selected Professor Hyun as the new NHRCK chair on July 16, only to appoint him officially on July 17, the following day. This abrupt measure betrays the current administration¡¯s categorical refusal to heed the voice and assessment of civil society and NGO¡¯s and reflects the arrogance of President Lee himself, who has thus abused his right to appoint the NHRCK chair. As the appointment of Chair Hyun proves, the fact that the human composition of the Commission, for which direct communication with all members of South Korea including, especially, non-profit human rights organizations(human rights NGOs) is indispensable, has been determined behind closed doors amidst the absolute absence of communication with society at large in the procedure and amidst the complete lack of a proper review of the qualifications, abilities, and human rights sensibilities of the candidates leads us to be deeply skeptical of whether the NHRCK can function as a genuine national human rights institution.

As all of these examples show, the process of appointing Chair Hyun once again confirmed that the NHRCK has yet to enjoy complete functional autonomy from the South Korean government. Furthermore, it excluded any and all official and open advice from society at large including NGO¡¯s and human rights experts and participation by civil society. On the contrary, his appointment was simply unlawful and inappropriate, hastily implemented to the exclusion of civil society¡¯s proposal for the South Korean government¡¯s adoption of procedures to secure a broad and transparent appointment process.


4) The appointment of Chair Hyun is but one of the Lee administration¡¯s continued attempts to incapacitate the NHRCK
On the other hand, during the ceremony for conferring on Chair Hyun his letter of appointment, President Lee ordered Chair Hyun to focus on politically selected particular issues, thus betraying his ulterior motive of taking over and breaking in the NHRCK so that it will become the current administration¡¯s docile handmaid.

In the end, such inappropriate appointments, actions, and words on the part of President Lee violate the fundamental mission and functions of the NHRCK, as a national human rights institution, to promote and realize human dignity and value by securing independence from state power and protecting and elevating the inviolate basic human rights of all individuals.

Guidelines on the Qualifications of the Ideal Chair of the NHRCK Created by the Non-profit Human Rights Organizations (NGO¡¯s) of South Korea


1. The NHRCK chair must be a figure who is equipped with expertise and experience in human rights and an orientation toward human rights.

2. The NHRCK chair must be a figure who has the will to protect the independence of the NHRCK.

3. The NHRCK chair must be a figure who is free from political and economic factions and interests.

4. The NHRCK chair must be a figure who deeply understands the human rights situation in South Korea, has a clear will to resolve the attendant problems, and can maximize the accomplishments of the NHRCK in its 8-year history and overcome the organ¡¯s limitations.

5. The NHRCK chair must be a figure who has the will to realize and practice in South Korea international human rights standards.

6. The NHRCK chair must be a figure who is respected in international society and can contribute to the promotion of human rights around the world.

7. The NHRCK chair must be a figure who can heed the voice of and harmoniously cooperate with civil society.

8. The NHRCK chair must be a figure who is morally upright and free from corruption.

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